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By: K. Kasim, M.A., M.D.

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Applicants also state that with respect to registered separate accounts that invest in any Investing Fund arthritis pain no inflammation purchase generic naproxen canada, no sales load will be charged at the Investing Fund level or at the Fund level arthritis in back natural treatment purchase 500 mg naproxen overnight delivery. Other sales charges and service fees arthritis foods to avoid discount naproxen online american express, as defined in Rule 2830 of the Conduct Rules of the National Association of Securities Dealers arthritis numbness buy cheap naproxen on-line, Inc. Applicants submit that the proposed arrangement will not create an overly complex fund structure. Applicants propose condition 12 to ensure that the proposed structure will not result in unnecessary complexity. Further, the Participation Agreement will require each Investing Fund that exceeds the 5% or 10% limitation in section 12(d)(1)(A)(ii) and (iii) of the Act to disclose in its prospectus that it may invest in registered investment companies, and to disclose, in ``plain English,' in its prospectus the unique characteristics of the Investing Fund investing in registered investment companies, including but not limited to the expense structure and any additional expenses of investing in registered investment companies. Each Investing Fund also will comply with the disclosure requirements set forth in Investment Company Act Release No. Applicants also note that a Fund may choose to reject any investment by an Investing Fund. The prospectus of each Fund discloses that the Fund may choose to reject a purchase order at the discretion of the Fund. Section 17(a) of the Act generally prohibits sales or purchases of securities between a registered investment company and any affiliated person of the company. Section 2(a)(3) of the Act defines an ``affiliated person' of another person to include any person 5% or more of whose outstanding voting securities are directly or indirectly owned, controlled, or held with power to vote by the other person. Section 17(b) of the Act authorizes the Commission to grant an order permitting a transaction otherwise prohibited by section 17(a) if it finds that (a) the terms of the proposed transaction are fair and reasonable and do not involve overreaching on the part of any person concerned, (b) the 5 Applicants acknowledge that receipt of any compensation by (a) an affiliated person of an Investing Fund, or an affiliated person of such person, for the purchase by the Investing Fund of shares of a Fund or (b) an affiliated person of a Fund, or an affiliated person of such person, for the sale by the Fund of its shares to an Investing Fund is subject to section 17(e) of the Act. Section 6(c) of the Act permits the Commission to exempt any person or transactions from any provision of the Act if such exemption is necessary or appropriate in the public interest and consistent with the protection of investors and the purposes fairly intended by the policy and provisions of the Act. Applicants submit that the proposed arrangement satisfies the standards for relief under sections 17(b) and 6(c) of the Act. Applicants believe that any proposed transactions directly between Funds and the Investing Funds will be consistent with the policies of each Fund and Investing Fund. Applicants also state that the terms of the arrangement are fair and reasonable and do not involve overreaching. Applicants state that the proposed arrangement will be consistent with the policies of each Investing Fund and Fund and with the general purposes of the Act. The members of the Investing Fund Advisory Group will not control (individually or in the aggregate) a Fund within the meaning of section 2(a)(9) of the Act. The members of the Subadviser Group will not control (individually or in the aggregate) a Fund within the meaning of section 2(a)(9) of the Act. No Investing Fund or Investing Fund Affiliate (except to the extent it is acting in its capacity as an investment adviser to a Fund) will cause a Fund to purchase a security in any Affiliated Underwriting. The Board of a Fund, including a majority of the Disinterested Trustees, will adopt procedures reasonably designed to monitor any purchases of securities by the Fund in an Affiliated Underwriting once an investment by an Investing Fund in the securities of the Fund exceeds the limit in section 12(d)(1)(A)(i) of the Act, including any purchases made directly from an Underwriting Affiliate. The Board of the Fund will review these purchases periodically, but no less frequently than annually, to determine whether the purchases were influenced by the investment by the Investing Fund in the Fund. The Board of the Fund will consider, among other things, (a) whether the purchases were consistent with the investment objectives and policies of the Fund, (b) how the performance of securities purchased in an Affiliated Underwriting compares to the performance of comparable securities purchased during a comparable period of time in underwritings other than Affiliated Underwritings or to a benchmark such as a comparable market index, and (c) whether the amount of securities purchased by the Fund in Affiliated Underwritings and the amount purchased directly from an Underwriting Affiliate have changed significantly from prior years. The Board of the Fund will take any appropriate actions based on its review, including, if appropriate, the institution of procedures designed to assure that purchases of securities in Affiliated Underwritings are in the best interests of shareholders. Before investing in a Fund in excess of the limits in section 12(d)(1)(A) of the Act, the Investing Fund and the Fund will execute a Participation Agreement stating without limitation that their boards of directors or trustees and their investment advisers, or the Sponsor and Trustee, as applicable, understand the terms and conditions of the order and agree to fulfill their responsibilities under the order. At the time of its investment in shares of a Fund in excess of the limit in section 12(d)(1)(A)(i), an Investing Fund will notify the Fund of the investment. At such time, the Investing Fund will also transmit to the Fund a list of the names of each Investing Fund Affiliate and Underwriting Affiliate. The Investing Fund will notify the Fund of any changes to the list of the names as soon as reasonably practicable after a change occurs.

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We consider all of the units designated as critical habitat to contain features that are essential to the conservation of the Cape Sable seaside sparrow arthritis pain emergency room buy naproxen 250 mg with amex. All units are within the geographic range of the species rheumatoid arthritis zebrafish cheap 500mg naproxen, all areas are currently occupied by sparrows (based on surveys conducted since 1981; Pimm et al arthritis in dogs natural medicine best 500 mg naproxen. Federal agencies already consult with us on activities in areas 62755 currently occupied by the sparrow if the species may be affected by the activity to ensure that those Federal actions do not jeopardize the continued existence of the sparrow or destroy or modify its current designated critical habitat can arthritis in neck cause headaches naproxen 250 mg free shipping. Exemptions and Exclusions Application of Section (4)(b)(2) of the Act Section 4(b)(2) of the Act states that critical habitat shall be designated, and revised, on the basis of the best available scientific data after taking into consideration the economic impact, national security impact, and any other relevant impact, of specifying any particular area as critical habitat. The Secretary may exclude an area from critical habitat if he determines that the benefits of such exclusion outweigh the benefits of specifying such area as part of the critical habitat, unless he determines, based on the best scientific data available, that the failure to designate such area as critical habitat will result in the extinction of the species. In making that determination, the Secretary is afforded broad discretion, and the Congressional record is clear that, in making a determination under the section, the Secretary has discretion as to which factors and how much weight will be given to any factor. Economics the primary purpose of an economic analysis is to estimate the potential economic impacts associated with the designation of critical habitat for the sparrow. This information is intended to assist the Secretary in making decisions about whether the benefits of excluding particular areas from the designation outweigh the benefits of including those areas in the designation. This economic analysis considers the economic efficiency effects that may result from the designation, including habitat protections that may be co-extensive with the listing of the species and the incremental impacts of the critical habitat designation itself. It also addresses distribution of impacts, including an assessment of the potential effects on small entities and the energy industry. This information can be used by the Secretary to assess whether the effects of the designation might unduly burden a particular group or economic sector. Economic analyses typically measure impacts against a baseline, which is normally described as the way the world would look absent the proposed action. To quantify the proportion of total potential economic impacts attributable to the critical habitat designation, the analysis evaluated a ``without critical habitat' baseline and compared it to a ``with critical habitat' scenario. The ``without critical habitat' baseline represented the current and expected economic activity under all modifications prior to the critical habitat designation, including protections afforded the species under Federal and State laws. The difference between the two scenarios measured the net change in economic activity attributable to the designation of critical habitat. The economic analysis estimates total potential future impacts associated with conservation efforts for the sparrows in areas designated to be $32. The majority, or 58 percent, of the total potential costs estimated in this report are associated with potential species management efforts. The remaining costs are associated with potential water management changes to conserve the sparrow (33 percent), fire management (7 percent), and administrative costs of consultation (2 percent). Incremental impacts of critical habitat designation are forecast to be $64,000 (present value at a three percent discount rate). Anticipated costs of critical habitat are the value of time and effort of conducting section 7 consultations beyond those associated with the listing of the sparrow. Critical habitat designation for the sparrow is not expected to require modifications to land uses and activities above and beyond modifications that are already required under the listing. Due to the uncertain nature and extent of these potential changes, the economic analysis cannot estimate the potential incremental impact of sparrow critical habitat designation on water management activities beyond 2011. Further, due to the controversial nature and complexity of consultations related to water management, the actual administrative costs of consultation may be higher than the average estimates; therefore, incremental administrative costs may be underestimated. Our economic analysis indicates potential cost resulting from the designation that may be considered measurable, but cannot be considered disproportionate. Therefore, we conclude that there are no significant economic benefits to excluding any areas from critical habitat. A copy of the final economic analysis with supporting documents are included in our administrative record and may be obtained by contacting U. Other Relevant Impacts Under section 4(b)(2) of the Act, we must consider, in addition to economic impacts, all other relevant impacts. We also consider whether the landowners have developed any conservation plans for the area, or whether there are conservation partnerships that would be encouraged by designation of, or exclusion from, critical habitat. In addition, we look at any tribal issues and consider the government-to-government relationship of the United States with Tribal entities.

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He thought the 1956 plan should include three more nuclear-powered ships: two fleet submarines and one guided-missile submarine arthritis diet osteoarthritis naproxen 500 mg on-line. Operational experience could make it possible for the Navy to determine the number it needed in the 1957 program to replace the conventional ships rheumatoid arthritis acr20 definition buy naproxen now. An effort of this magnitude Rickover believed would require at least two more shipyards to take over the general design while Bettis and Knolls concentrated on developing new and improved reactor cores rheumatoid arthritis cure buy naproxen 250mg cheap. As for a nuclear-powered carrier rheumatoid arthritis young order naproxen mastercard, Rickover believed that no construc- 213 Toward a Nuclear Fleet tion funds should be requested in the 1955 program, because the studies recently authorized at Westinghouse and Newport News were enough to keep the project alive. Even before his congressional appearance he had established a committee on shipbuilding and conversion to canvass the Bureaus of Aeronautics, Ordnance, and Ships for new proposals. These would not alter the need for controlling the sea, but Carney believed they would change the character of fleet operation and the types of ships and aircraft. Turning to nuclear matters, Leggett saw no benefit in placing a nuclear propulsion plant in a battleship or a cruiser. As for submarines, he thought conventional units should be added until the nation had a capability of building nuclear submarines in large numbers. As a minimum, Leggett believed two nuclear submarines should be laid down each year beginning with the 1955 program. Pointedly absent was any reference to the closed-cycle submarine, an omission which must have caused some heartache in the bureau. On March 12, 1954, the ship design committee warned that nuclear power for submarines and surface ships was being given far too much emphasis prior to any shipboard operating experience. The committee asked that work on the closed-cycle continue and that one such vessel be included in the 1955 program. Leggett rejected the advice on the grounds that the Chief of Naval Operations had declared that there was no requirement for the ship and other officers in the bureau believed the approach was obsolete. On April 20, 1954, Carney sent Leggett a requirement for a radarpicket submarine which would use the submarine advanced reactor plant. He was worried that the Navy might be concentrating too much on the production of reactor plants at the expense of developing them. He believed he could best counter this trend by outlining the future of nuclear power in the Navy and by explaining his plans. A memorandum to Carney in May 1954 set forth his view of the future course of nuclear power in the Navy. The proposal was to develop a family of five reactors covering a wide range of shaft horsepower so that they could be used in every class of ship for which nuclear propulsion seemed feasible. Rickover carefully pointed out that he was not suggesting the immediate application of nuclear power to a large number of ships, but rather a deliberate process of thorough testing and operational evaluation. Of the five reactors, two-the submarine fleet reactor and the submarine advanced reactor-were already under development. Not yet active were projects for a reactor for a small submarine, a twin-reactor plant for a large destroyer or cruiser serving as a carrier escort, and a multiple reactor plant for a cruiser or a large attack carrier. On July 23 President Eisenhower approved the action of the National Security Council rescinding the decision of the previous year. A few weeks later the Commission approved research and development for a land-based prototype of the large ship reactor at an estimated cost of $26 million over a five-year period. The transition was that which followed every technological innovation as it moved from the laboratories and engineering shops to the production floor. Carney at once saw the possibility of using nuclear energy in the new fleet of ships which he expected would modernize the Navy. If Rickover had not from the beginning insisted that the Mark I resemble a shipboard plant, Carney would not have been able at that time to include nuclear propulsion in his plans for the new fleet. It was unfortunate, however, that the submarines to be driven by the fleet reactor would represent something less than the optimum in design and performance. In its anxiety to have nuclear submarines at the lowest possible cost, the Navy had been willing to settle for inferior performance. Years later Rickover would look back on the decision as a lack of imagination on the part of officers who were operating the submarines. Neither task would be easy, and they would fall largely upon the organization which Rickover had created to build the Nautilus and the Seawolf.

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This resulted in a specificity using the lower cutoff value of 95% (95% confidence interval 83 arthritis medication that does not affect kidneys cheap naproxen 500mg. This was a lower sensitivity than for total lipase (54% and 71% arthritis definition nhs 250 mg naproxen overnight delivery, respectively) in the same cohort of dogs! Punctate calcification may occasionally be identified in dogs with long-standing pancreatitis; it indicates saponification of mesenteric fat around the pancreas what helps arthritis in the knee buy on line naproxen. Thoracic radiographs may enable the detection of pleural fluid arthritis in dogs natural remedies purchase 250 mg naproxen with mastercard, edema or pneumonia which has been associated with pancreatitis in dogs and cats. One study of dogs with fatal acute pancreatitis indicated that ultrasound supported a diagnosis of pancreatitis in 23/34 dogs. Fine needle aspirates of cavitary lesions may be useful to distinguish abscess from pseudocyst. Abdominal paracentesis: Examination of peritoneal fluid may aid the detection of various causes of acute abdominal signs such as pancreatitis, gastrointestinal perforation or ruptured bile duct. Prognostic indicators Stratifying the severity of pancreatitis is useful when deciding how aggressive to be with medical and nutritional support, and in offering a prognosis. Severe pancreatitis requires aggressive support and carries a guarded prognosis, whereas mild pancreatitis often responds to short term symptomatic therapy and has agood prognosis. Clinical and clinicopathological criteria can be used to predict the severity of acute pancreatitis. Trypsinogen activation peptide has been shown to accurately predict severity in humans with pancreatitis. This peptide is released when trypsinogen, a pancreas-specific enzyme, is converted to its active form and rapidly accumulates in the urine and plasma of dogs with experimental acute pancreatitis. Substantially reduced mortality has been achieved by the detection and surgical treatment of people with infected necrosis. No studies have critically evaluated treatment modalities in dogs or cats with naturally occurring pancreatitis. Initial management: the initial medical management of dogs with acute pancreatitis is based on the presenting clinical findings and the results of an initial database. The type of fluid is tailored on the basis of electrolyte and pH measurements to restore normal electrolytes and acid-base balance. The volume deficit can be replaced with crystalloids at an initial rate of of 6090ml/kg/h, then tailored to maintain tissue perfusion and hydration. Colloids such as dextran 70 and hetastarch may also have antithrombotic effects that help maintain the microcirculation. Where vomiting is a problem, antiemetics (metoclopramide, chlorpromazine, maropitant, ondansetron) and antacids. Buprenorphine is a partial agonist and may antagonise the administarion of more potent analgesics in animals with severe pain. Adequate fentanyl levels are not attained for between 6-48 hrs after application, so another analgesic should be administered in the short term. Specific therapy Many dogs with acute pancreatitis respond to fluid therapy and nothing by mouth for 48h. The lack of success with inhibiting the progression of spontaneous pancreatitis has led to increased emphasis on damage limitation; ameliorating the effects of inflammatory mediators or pancreatic enzymes on the patient and maintaining pancreatic perfusion. In experimental pancreatitis isovolemic rehydration with dextran has also been shown to promote pancreatic microcirculation in dogs. Oral pancreatic enzyme extracts have been reported to reduce pain in humans with chronic pancreatitis, though this is controversial. They are less likely to be effective in dogs as they do not appear to have a protease mediated negative feedback system. Nutritional support: the intial aim is to identify and prevent, or treat, nutritional factors associated with pancreatitis: Where obesity, hyperlipidemia and dietary indiscretion are reported it would seem prudent to address their underlying cause in an attempt to prevent future bouts of pancreatitis. Precise recommendations for the dietary management of acute pancreatitis in dogs are hampered by the absence of controlled studies, and are often based on empirical wisdom and a best guess least harm approach.

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